Uwoyela ungenye yezinsiza ezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe eShayina, kanti nezinga lokubuyiselwa kukawoyela selibe yinto ekhathaza imboni yaseShayina.Izinga lamanzi likaphethiloli ezweni lethu belilokhu liphezulu.Indlela yokunciphisa umthamo wamanzi nayo ibe yinkinga enkulu embonini.Ubuchwepheshe bokuthola kabusha uwoyela bezinga eliphezuluukusebenzisa i-polymer njengesithwali kuyisinyathelo esisebenzayo sokuxazulula le nkinga.Le ndlela ithuthukisa ngempumelelo ukumelana nosawoti kawoyela futhi inciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa okusha kwama-polymers amasha kuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola uwoyela baseChina.
Amagama angukhiye:i-polymer, ubuchwepheshe bokubuyisela uwoyela obuphakeme, inqubo yokuthuthukiswa, isiqondiso esiyinhloko socwaningo
Njengamanje, uwoyela waseChina unamanzi amaningi, futhi ukuncika kwawo kuwoyela wangaphandle nakho kuyanda.Uwoyela unesikhundla esikhulu eChina.Ngakho-ke, kufanele siqinisekise ukuthi uwoyela ungakhuphula umkhiqizo ngesisekelo sokukhiqiza okuzinzile kanye nokuxhashazwa okuphephile.Kuyinkinga ebaluleke kakhulu ukwehlisa ngempumelelo okuqukethwe kwamanzi kawoyela, kanye nokubuyiswa kukawoyela wezinga eliphezulu kusetshenziswa i-polymer njengoba umthwali ungenye yezinyathelo eziphumelela kakhulu zokuxazulula le nkinga.Kule nqubo, i-polymer eyinhlokoi-polyacrylamide, okungabangela ukungazinzi, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukumelana kabi kukasawoti kanye nezinye izici, ngakho lezi zici ziye zabangela izinkinga zobuchwepheshe okumelwe zixazululwe emgwaqeni wokukhushulwa.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni kawoyela, ucwaningo lwama-polymers amasha seluphenduke ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile.
1. Inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuthola kabusha uwoyela obuphakeme
Ubuchwepheshe bokuthola kabusha uwoyela bezinga eliphezulu bube nezinguquko ezinkulu ezintathu zokuthuthuka.Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwakusuka ku-1950 kuya ku-1969. Uwoyela onzima wawusetshenziswa kakhulu embonini ye-petroleum ukuze kuzuzwe ubuchwepheshe bokuthutha uwoyela we-steam, ngakho uwoyela osindayo wawusetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni.Intuthuko yesibili yayisuka ku-1971 kuya ku-1980. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukukhukhula kwesitimu kwakuyindlela eyinhloko, kodwa ukubuyiswa kukawoyela wezinga eliphezulu ngokukhukhula kwamakhemikhali kwathuthukiswa ngokushesha.Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhukhula zamakhemikhali ngaleso sikhathi kwavinjelwa izinto eziningi ezingaqinisekile, njengezindleko eziphezulu, ukungcola okukhulu, njll. Intuthuko yesithathu yaqala ngo-1990, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokujova ngegesi exubekile buye bathuthukiswa kabanzi eShayina.Lobu buchwepheshe bunezinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi zokusetshenziswa, ububanzi bohlelo lokusebenza, futhi bungahlangabezana nezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
2, Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokubuyisela uwoyela we-polymer tertiary
Lobu buchwepheshe buqoqa uketshezi lwamafutha izikhathi ezintathu.Ukubuyiselwa kukawoyela okuyisisekelo kubhekisela emandleni e-reservoir ohlelweni lokuxhashazwa kukawoyela;Inqubo yokubuyisela uwoyela wesibili ukugcwalisa ichibi ngamandla agelezayo, ngokuvamile ukwengeza igesi namanzi endaweni yokugcina amanzi;Ukubuyiselwa kukawoyela emazingeni aphezulu kusebenzisa amakhemikhali ukuguqula ukusebenza ngokubambisana kwegesi, amanzi, uwoyela namatshe.Phakathi kobuchwepheshe obuthathu bokutholwa kukawoyela, ubuchwepheshe besithathu bokubuyisela uwoyela yibona obaziwa kakhulu futhi busetshenziswa kabanzi namuhla.Lobu buchwepheshe bunokululama okuphumelelayo kunobunye obubili, bunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukunqanyulwa kwamanzi endaweni kawoyela, futhi buyisilinganiso esiyinhloko sokuthuthukisa izinga likawoyela eChina.Ama-polymers amasha akhona esakhiweni samangqamuzana ekamu, angathuthukisa ukumelana nosawoti wama-molecule e-polymer futhi athuthukise kakhulu ukutholakala kukawoyela.Le polymer entsha isetshenziswe kabanzi ezindaweni ezinkulu zikawoyela eChina, futhi umphumela ubaluleke kakhulu, okufakazelwe ngokusebenza.Uma kuqhathaniswa nei-polyacrylamide evamile, le molecule entsha ye-polymer ayinciphisi kakhulu kuphela izindleko zokusetshenziswa, kodwa futhi ingavikela imvelo futhi ikhulise izinga lokubuyisela uwoyela ngamaphesenti amabili, ithuthukise kakhulu izinga lokubuyisela uwoyela.
3. Izikhombisi-ndlela zocwaningo eziyinhloko zokuthola kabusha uwoyela esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme
Okokuqala, emkhakheni kawoyela wanamuhla, i-surfactant enomphumela omuhle wokufuduka kawoyela kanye nezindleko eziphansi kuyisiqondiso socwaningo kulesi sigaba ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokuthutha uwoyela we-ternary composite system.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhethwa kwe-surfactant kuyacwaningwa ukuze kwehliswe ngempumelelo izindleko ze-surfactant ohlelweni lwe-ternary coincidence.Njengamanje, ucwaningo olugxilwe embonini ye-petroleum ukunciphisa umphumela wokuhlukaniswa kwe-chromatographic, futhi izisombululo ezingenzeka nezisebenzayo ziye zahlongozwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zikawoyela ezihlobene, okunikeza isisekelo esiqinile sefomula enkulu yebanga elihambisanayo.
Okwesibili, ukuthuthukisa ukutholakala kukawoyela, izikhukhula eziyinhlanganisela yegwebu nakho kuwubuchwepheshe obusebenzayo.Lobu buchwepheshe abugcini nje ngokuhlanganisa izinzuzo zokubuyiswa kwamafutha ashisayo, kodwa futhi kunezinzuzo zokufuduka kwamafutha e-foam, futhi kunomphumela wokufuduka kwamafutha we-nitrogen ne-carbon dioxide, okwenza ngcono kakhulu umphumela wokufuduka kwamafutha.
Lobu buchwepheshe bungangena ngempumelelo ezikhaleni ezincane nezimbobo ezingakwazi ukufinyelelwa yi-ternary composite system ukususa amabala asele kawoyela.Ukuhlolwa okufanelekile kubonisa ukuthi isici sokubuyisela uwoyela sithuthukiswa ngokuphumelelayo ngokukhukhula kwegwebu.Ngemuva komjovo we-polymer, ngezinga lokushisa elikhulayo, izikhukhula ezihlanganisiwe zegwebu nazo zithuthukisa ukutholakala kukawoyela.Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme, ukubuyiswa kukawoyela kungafinyelela ku-16%.
Okwesithathu, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukufuduka kukawoyela we-microbial kuye kwathuthuka ngokushesha kubuchwepheshe bokuthola kabusha uwoyela obuphakeme, futhi cishe zonke izinkundla zikawoyela ezinkulu zenze ucwaningo olufanele mayelana nokufuduka kukawoyela we-microbial kanye nokutholwa kukawoyela.Kunezindawo ezingaphezu kuka-20 zokuhlola uwoyela we-microbial displacement e-China.Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe bamanje abuphelele, futhi ezinye izinkinga zobuchwepheshe zisadinga ukuxazululwa, njengocwaningo lokuhlola ama-microbial colonies endaweni yemvelo.
4. Izinkinga
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-polymers emasimini kawoyela kungathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokubuyisela uwoyela futhi ngaleyo ndlela kulethe inzuzo enkulu yezomnotho, kodwa akukho lutho emhlabeni oluphelele.Okulandelayo ezinye zezinkinga ekusebenziseni okusebenzayo kwama-polymers:
(1) Ukuvinjwa kwe-Wellhead
Isici esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kukawoyela i-polymer, enganciphisa kakhulu okuqukethwe kwamanzi kawoyela.Ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwezici ezihlukahlukene, lapho ingcindezi yomjovo kwamanye ama-polymer ikhuphuka futhi isondela ekucindezelweni kokuphuka, amanani engcindezi yawo awahlangabezani nezidingo, futhi lapho umthamo womjovo wehliswa, ukuxhuma okusobala kwe-polymer kwenzeka emthonjeni, okuthinta umjovo. ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamafutha.
(2) Ukwabiwa komjovo nendle
Inhloso ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenzisa izikhukhula ze-polymer nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile ezikhukhula ze-polymer.Kuze kube manje, inqubekelaphambili yokuqala yenziwe ocwaningweni lomjovo we-polymer ngendle enamafutha.Indlela yokuqala ukusebenzisa ngokuqondile indle enamafutha ukuhlambulula i-polymer ekwazi ukumelana nosawoti.Ngaphambi kokuhlanjululwa, ukungcola kwamagciwane kufanele kususwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-viscosity ye-polymer ngeke ishintshwe.Indlela yesibili iwukukhipha indle enamafutha ukuze izinga lawo lamanzi lifinyelele emanzini ahlanzekile anosawoti omncane, bese liwajova ku-polymer.Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwamanje alunakho ukuqonda okujulile kwendlela ye-viscosity ethinta i-polymer, futhi inqubo yokumisa i-polymer ngendle enamafutha idinga ukuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe.
5. Isiphetho
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola bezinga eliphezulu buhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu nobusha ku-physics, chemistry kanye ne-biology ukuze buqhubeke buthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola uwoyela.Emkhakheni wemboni ye-petroleum,ubuchwepheshe bokuxhashazwa kwezemfundo ephakemeokusekelwe ku-polymer sekufinyelele ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni kanye nezinga elikhulu, okunganikeza izindlela zobuchwepheshe ezinamandla zokuxhashazwa kwe-petroleum yaseChina.Kodwa-ke, ngokuqiniswa kwezindlela zobuchwepheshe, ezinye zezinkinga ezifikayo zisiphatha kabi kakhulu.Izinkinga ezimbili okukhulunywe ngazo kulesi sihloko zingenye yazo.Ngakho-ke, emgwaqeni izikhathi ezintathu zokucwaninga nokuthuthuka kwezimayini, asikwazi ukuphumula nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.Kufanele siqinise imizamo yocwaningo lwesayensi ukuze sibhekane nezinkinga ezibalulekile, futhi sixazulule izinkinga kubuchwepheshe bezimayini kangcono nangempumelelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-19-2022